If you’re looking for the parts on the outside, try here.

• Brain: مُخ (mukhkh, means the physical organ) or دِماغ (dimāgh, connotes the seat of thought)
  
• Skull: جَمجَمة (jamjamah)
  
• Tooth: سِن (sinn, plural أسنان asnān) and ضِرس (ḍirs, plural أضراس aḍrās, refers specifically to the molars)
  
• Spine: العَمود الفَقري (al-ʿamūd al-faqrī)
• Vertebra: فَقرة (faqrah) or فَقار (faqār)
  
• Throat: حَلق (ḥalq)
  
• Heart: قَلب (qalb), not to be confused with the similar sounding كَلب (kalb), which means “dog”
  
• Lung: رِئة (riʾah); the dual (you don’t have more than two, do you?) is رِئَتان (riʾatān)
  
• Liver: كَبد (kabd)
  
• Ribs: ضُلوع (ḍulūʿ)
  
• Stomach: مِعدة (miʿdah)
  
• Intestines: مِعى (miʿan) or مِعاءِ (miʿāʾ)
  • Small intestine: المِعى الدُقاق (al-miʿan al-duqāq) or المِعاء الدُقاق (al-miʿāʾ al-duqāq)
  • Large intestine: المِعى الغِلاظ (al-miʿan al-ghilāẓ) or المِعاء الغِلاظ (al-miʿāʾ al-ghilāẓ)
• Kidney: كُلية (kulyah) or كُلوة (kulwah), pl. كَلاوي (kalāwī), dual كُلیَتان (kulyatān)
  
• Bladder: مَثانة (mathānah)
  
• Muscle: عَضَلة (ʿaḍalah), plural عَضَل (ʿaḍal)
  
• Bone: عَظم (ʿaẓm), pl. عِظام (ʿiẓām)
  
• Cartilage: غُضروف (ghuḍrūf)
• Blood: دَم (dam)
• Blood vessel: أوعية دَمَوية (awʿīyah damawīyah)
  • Artery: شِريان (shiryān)
  • Vein: وَريد (warīd)
• Nerves: عَصَب (ʿaṣab)